Last night a group of us got together in Tiburon as many people didn’t want to spend time on their own at home without the support of friends in the sailing community. The sailing community is for many people their extended family. Some people are now at the stage in their grief of wanting to figure out what lessons are to be learnt from the accident and some are not.

I think the lessons to take away from this particular incident are quite a long way down the road as there needs to be a full investigation in MAIB style first. Currently there are too many confusing stories of how the whole thing unfolded on the water. The survivors will have different accounts as it most likely happened so fast they will each process different parts of the experience.

What is amazing is the reach that these 5 individuals had and this tragedy is not just impacting the sailing world. The Giants baseball team made a moving tirbute to one of the missing who was the first major league batgirl see
http://mlb.mlb.com/video/?play.jsp?content_id=20677679&to?pic_id&c_id=sf&tcid=vpp_copy_2?0677679&v=3

Accidents like this are normally a result of a cascade of tiny things piling up. Personally my bible is the Offshore Special Regulations and the reason why is that a group of people smarter than myself with more experience then myself wrote them. However much experience an individual has, there is always more that can be learned from others. They have gone through all the Marine Accident Investigations and come up with rules that are easy to comply with and are using up to date technology.

The race at the weekend was a Catagory 2 race and the safety rules to comply can be seen at http://www.sailing.org/documents/special-regs.php . In the past in my tips and tricks section on this website I have explained ways to comply with these rules and also the reasons individual ones are in existance. The rules are valuable because generally someone had to die for each particular one to come into being so when complying with them you are honoring that individuals memory. There is a book which is a little outdated but is very useful none the less written by Alan Green (who was at RORC when I started racing offshore at the age of 13) entitled Offshore Special Regulations Handbook. In the book he outlines the background to the regulations and explains how to interpret and apply them, with the aid of examples, pictures and quotations.

I have noticed a large difference in the two sailing communities that I am apart of that is the UK offshore racing scene and that of the Bay Area. In the UK I raced primarily in RORC races from the age of 13 this is the club that creates the safety regulations. Unlike the Bay Area it seems that the crew of the boats has a wider knowledge of the safety regulations and it is not just the skippers responsibility. This may be a result of the crew being a larger part of getting boats ready for the season and not leaving it to professional boat captains or the owners.

On a personal level I am purchasing a 406 PLB for my little brother who has started doing a lot of singlehanded racing I am also getting a new floating waterproof VHF which has DSC. The DSC feature means that when I set it off the boats in the immediate area will recieve my mayday and will know that I am in trouble. Another solution is to have an AIS transmitter see http://www.oceansafety.com/index.php?option=com_hikashop&ctrl=product&task=show&cid=850&name=kannad-safelink-r10-ais-srs&Itemid=34&category_pathway=79 however, AIS recievers are currently not in wide use in the US. In the UK most boats now have them. With my 406 PLB the coastguard will know I am in trouble and as it has 121.5Mhz they will be able to home in on my signal. With these two pieces of equipment I hopefully have help coming from two seperate places.

The issue of tethering seems to be what everyone is pointing at and again I believe there is rarely one solution and there are always points in a race where you have to disconnect yourself to do a manovere. I personally would prefer to be tethered because then I have a choice to disconnect myself from the boat should events unfold that mean being tethered is more dangerous than not being. You should be tethered in a way that allows you to disconnect. I like to have a nylon tether that gives rather than a dyneema one that snaps (see http://dmmclimbing.c…dyneema-slings/) and I prefer to have one that has a snap shackle which I can pull rather than having to get a knife out to cut my tether. Tethering when you are sitting in one position for a long time is always advisable and it should be to the required clipping in points to avoid everyone clipping onto a single jackline.

IMHO a lifejacket without crotch straps is useless and if offshore I always wear a lifejacket harness combo (a spinlock deckvest) rather than having a seperate lifejacket and harness. There is no point in being tethered to a jackstays or clipping points that haven’t been fitted properly the regulations have very detailed guidelines regarding how they are fitted and I have rarely seen them fully complied with. In my opinion the padeyes should be specifically used for this purpose and not in use for another purpose i.e. as a pushpit or pulpit, with a spinnaker sheet block attached etc.

4.04 Jackstays, Clipping Points and Static Safety Lines
4.04.1 The following shall be provided:
a) Jackstays:- shall be provided attached to through-bolted or welded deck plates or other suitable and strong anchorage fitted on deck, port
and starboard of the yacht’s centre line to provide secure attachments for safety harness
ii comprising stainless steel 1 x 19 wire of minimum diameter 5 mm (3/16 in), high modulus polyethylene (such as Dyneema/Spectra) rope or webbing of equivalent strength
iii which, when made from stainless steel wire shall be uncoated and used without any sleeving
iv 20kN (2,040 kgf or 4,500 lbf) min breaking strain webbing is recommended

4.04.2 Clipping Points:- shall be provided
a) attached to through-bolted or welded deck plates or other suitable and strong anchorage points adjacent to stations such as the helm, sheet winches and masts, where crew members work for long periods
b) which, together with jackstays and static safety lines shall enable a crew member
i to clip on before coming on deck and unclip after going below
ii whilst continuously clipped on, to move readily between the working areas on deck and the cockpit(s) with the minimum of clipping and unclipping operations.
c) The provision of clipping points shall enable two-thirds of the crew to be simultaneously clipped on without depending on jackstays
e) Warning – U-bolts as clipping points – see OSR 5.02.1(a)

At the end of the day each person needs to make their own informed decision on how to comply with the rules. Just look at the professionals on the Volvo Ocean Race and you will see the many different ways each person complies with the safety rules there is never only one way.

I do think the practice in the UK at the start of RORC races of having boats display different pieces of safety equipment to the organisers on the water means that safety is in peoples minds while racing and it would be a good thing to see that done in the Bay. On this particular race at the weekend having waypoints to pass offshore of would also encourage people to stay further off the leeshore so their competitve urge doesn’t get the better of them but even that suggestion could be debated. Royal Ocean Racing Club is testing out their new system the 1st week of May for the Morgan Cup as there are no marks in the middle of the English Channel – and Trinity House wanted to charge more than £10K to put 2 in for RORC. The fleet will try sailing round ‘virtual’ marks which will be GPS waypoints. All boats will carry loggers which will log position every 2 seconds which should confirm that boats have sailed the course correctly.

In the US there are so called ‘safety at sea seminars’ these training course do not meet the ISAF Offshore Special Regulations Section 6 requirements. From 2007 US SAILING have provided an additional top up course entitle “ISAF Compliant Special Regs Training” which meets the regulations by providing the hands on training. See http://www.sailing.org/sailors/sea-survival-courses.php for more information.